Seven Crashes (The Economic Crises that Shaped Globalization) - Harold James

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A leading economic historian presents a new history of financial crises, showing how some led to greater globalization while others kept nations apart. The eminent economic historian Harold James presents a new perspective on financial crises, dividing them into “good” crises, which ultimately expand markets and globalization, and “bad” crises, which result in a smaller, less prosperous world. Examining seven turning points in financial historyfrom the depression of the 1840s through the Great Depression of the 1930s to the Covid-19 crisisJames shows how crashes prompted by a lack of supply, like the oil shortages of the 1970s, lead to greater globalization as markets expand and producers innovate to increase supply. By contrast, crises triggered by a lack of demandsuch as the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2008result in less globalization as markets contract, austerity measures are imposed, and skepticism of government grows. By considering not only the times but also the observers who shaped our understanding of each crisisfrom Karl Marx to John Maynard Keynes to Larry SummersJames shows how the uneven course of globalization has led to new economic thinking, and how understanding this history can help us better prepare for the future.